In this paper, the biocompatibility of dental implant material is discussed in the context of both the mechanical characteristic of the materials and the type of surface presented to the surrounding tissue.
The biocompatibility of dental implants is dependent on their having both suitable mechanical properties and acceptable surface characteristics in physiologic environment The mechanical properties influence the design of implants. Especially the elastic moduli, strengths and ductilities are considered as material property for the design, fabrication and prosthodontic restoration of implant. Otherwise, the surface of the implant in large part determines the biological reaction around the implant. Surface texturing of an implant is done to increase the surface area and provide a greater potentional for interlocking with bone. Common means of texturing include blasting with aluminum oxide or other ceramic particulate materials, plasma spraying with titanium, sand blasting and acid etching. Currently, commercially pure titanium and titanium alloy implant are fabricated using a wide range of designs, geometries and surface topographies.
Those metallic implant surfaces form and maintain an oxide layer without apparent break-down or corrosion under physiological conditions. The original., titanium implant has smooth machined surface like as a Branemark implant. But, many study have been reported that rough implant surface is better than smooth surface to get a initial bone-implant interface contact. So, most of implant company have developed their own technique and
insisted their own´ s benefits. And various biomaterials and designs are being studied for long term stability. But the design, material selection, and biocompatibility still remain the critical issue in today´s implant.
The purpose of this article are 1) to discuss about biomaterial in implant dentisty 2) to discuss about materials and surface character of implant fixture.
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